The Starfleet uniforms were redesigned for Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan by Robert Fletcher (Born 1922 and still with us).

Fletcher had also designed the uniforms for ST:TMP, but fans generally disliked that design.

This design remains popular.
@Walker_KM @gracepheesh
Here is the original (male) duty uniform of Star Trek: The Original Series.

Designed by William Ware Theiss.

He is better known for the guest female actress costumes on the show
Here are Theiss' designs for the lady crewmembers of the Enterprise in Star Trek: The Original Series

Legend is that Grace Lee Whitney (Yeoman Rand) suggested miniskirts to Theiss
Here are the uniforms of the pilot, The Cage.

Notice female crew members are wearing pants, not skirts.
These are also Theiss designs.
The 2nd pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before, uniforms.

The lady crew members still have the ascot like collar, but now it matches the tunic. The tunic is missing that front panel. We also get more precise rank insignia on the sleeves
Here is a glimpse at the Mirror Universe uniforms.

Sleeveless bold Kirk with sash and blade, Spock in a more Nehru jacket minus the buttons look and the utilitarian coveralls.

Lots of sexiness here in the guys, for a change
Here are the wonderful dress uniforms for Star Trek: The Original Series. They really do look formal and uncomfortable, plus all the decorations on full display.
Why is Captain Kirk wearing a green wraparound tunic?

As the costumes changed fabrics, how they appeared when film changed. Supposedly, the pullovers were also greenish. (But that doesn't make sense with the rank gilding around the neck?)
There were some missteps in the design elements.

The original velour was hot under the lights, so they changed the pullovers to a double knit.

In the shift from 1st to 2nd pilot, they retooled Spock, but moved him into the same color scheme as Kirk. Not good visually
The doctors on the Enterprise also have variant uniforms.
Scrubs. Doctor Boyce's look quite utilitarian, while McCoys still seem surgical, but still like a uniform.

And Boyce is also a bartender
Chief Engineer Scott gets to keep a bit of the Scottish feel in his dress uniform.

I think this may have had impact later in TNG, when Worf was allowed a sash, and later Ensign Ro earrings.
Ambassador Fox is not in Star Fleet, but he is a Federation official, a sort of State Department civil servant.

While horribly bland earth tone, its not a bad outfit. In fact, its got similarities to the Wrath of Khan uniforms
We meet another Federation official, almost certainly an appointed official in Nilz Baris, the Federation Undersecretary of Agricultural Affairs.

He is a suit.
We meet some higher ranking Star Fleet officers, who also switch from duty to dress uniform as fits the occasion.

All in all, pretty sharp uniform.
The pilots do seem to look at a less futuristic setting. Here we can see functional jackets while on an 'away' mission. The phaser sidearms would also be retooled into something Tesla might like better than this rounded ones
Outside of the quasi-military Star Fleet, we meet many in the Federation who have foregone fashion for function and selected some form of coverall.

Jill Ireland still pulls off looking lovely.
While we had seen hazmat suits in season 1, the 1968 3rd season episode The Tholian Web gave us a space suit. Updating the fishbowl with mesh, its a nod to the space race in full bloom.

We'd never see these again.
Since we mentioned the uniforms of Star Trek the Motion Picture, judge for yourselves how good or bad they were.

They were not well received at the time
@Walker_KM @gracepheesh
Kirk in the white short sleeved shirt looks quite good, I think. The bland monotonic jump suits don't do anything for me, and the focal point belt buckle is a glaring issue.

Its drab and overly utilitarian, and given the aging actors, makes a poor statement on aging.
Here you can compare the field jacket of Star Treks first two movies.

Remember its the same costume designer in both films, just different visions.
ST:TMP also gave us special Security uniforms

Gone were the infamous 'redshirts', replaced by a Romulanesque safety helmet.

A very Law Enforcement look, and also one I don't think was well received
Fletcher also gave us something like an updated Tholian Web spacesuit in the engineering anti-radiation suit.

Suddenly, engineering seems a very hostile place.
This Engineering is Dangerous idea was kept from ST:TMP through Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. TNG did not incorporate it.

It adds to this scene.
And for fun, here is the realistic space suit from 2001 A Space Odyssey, and on the opposite end, the fashion forward uniform and purple wig of U.F.O.s moonbase crew.
Here is the space suit from Star Trek the motion picture compared toba Nasa Apollo era suit
There was a variant of the female crew tunic with a lower neckline and heavily collar material. I think you can see the difference here.
Here is the diagram for the lower collar variant
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