We are analyzing the conclusion of “The Injustice Never Leaves You” by @MonicaMnzMtz. Chp.4 through the epilogue, discusses Texas congressional hearings to investigate Ranger conduct and the probe of current celebratory memorials that promoted state violence and racism. #phstmu/1

Chapter 4 discusses the Canales Bill. The bill was introduced by Jose T. Canales and it called for an investigation into Texas Ranger conduct. The chapter also studies celebratory culture of lynching and the difference in newspaper coverage at the time. #phstmu/2

Through the investigation, it was apparent that there were many powerful state players who supported state violence, encouraged vigilantism, and unchecked the Rangers such as Governor Hobby, Adjutant Generals, judges, and local officials. An uphill battle. #phstmu/3

The presence of groups such as the NAACP, ramped up the extralegal violence across the state. State agents continued their tactics of violence to incite fear and silence. All but seven of the original thirty-three NAACP branches disbanded by 1921. (Martinez pg. 220) #phstmu/4

Martinez highlights racism memorialized and celebrated in plain sight with the Houston International Airport renamed after Governor Hobby. Rep. Hudspeth who had an entire county named after him. Hudspeth encouragement border violence against ethnic Mexicans. #phstmu/5

These state agents who enforced brutality against ethnic Mexicans without due process are memorialized and have legacies that still exist today. This emphasizes how entrenched racism exists within Texas state institutions to include Texas Rangers and Border Patrol. #phstmu/6

The Epilogue shows a parallel between the injustices of the early twentieth century against minorities with our current state of affairs. 109 years later, social justice and activism still play a vital role in defending minority injustices by federal and state agents. #phstmu/7

This videos explains “gasoline baths” used at the U.S-Mexico border in order to disinfect Mexican immigrants. The chemicals used in El Paso during the 1918s inspired German chemists for their uses at the Holocaust to kill millions. #phstmu/8

A Mexican girl named Carmelita Torres who incited a protest against the humiliating fumigation against immigrants. She originally influenced 200 that quickly rose to 2,000 supporters and it closed down the U.S-Mexico border for two days. #phstmu/9