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Father of u201cEast Turkestanu201d: Russian Sinologist Nikita Yakovlevich Bichurin. He 1st invented the term u201cEast Turkestanu201d to replace u201cChinese Turkestanu201d in foreign language usage in 1829.
coincided w Russian conquest of Central Asia which led to establishment of Russian Turkestan
coincided w Russian conquest of Central Asia which led to establishment of Russian Turkestan
Since then, u201cEast Turkestanu201d have been used interchangeably with u201cChinese Turkistanu201d for #Xinjiang as a geographic term to mark it from u201dWest Turkestanu201d or u201cRussian Turkestanu201d
This 1909 map use u201cChinese Turkistanu201d
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="ud83dudc47ud83cudffc" title="Down pointing backhand index (medium light skin tone)" aria-label="Emoji: Down pointing backhand index (medium light skin tone)">
This 1909 map use u201cChinese Turkistanu201d
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This 1897 map of Russian conquest use u201cEast Turkestanu201d to denoted Tarim Basin area, #Uyghur homeland in South #Xinjiang under Chinese Empire.
It also marked in orange, part of Ghulja, Xinjiang occupied by Russia in 1871 and cede by China in Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881),
It also marked in orange, part of Ghulja, Xinjiang occupied by Russia in 1871 and cede by China in Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881),
The traditional #Uyghur name for their homeland is Altishahr, or 6 cities, for traditional Turkic speaking oasis cities in Tarim Basin.
Tianshan mountain cuts #Xinjiang into 2 parts. Dzungaria in red, Tarim Basin in blue.
u201cChinese or East Turkestanu201d used to refer to blue area
Tianshan mountain cuts #Xinjiang into 2 parts. Dzungaria in red, Tarim Basin in blue.
u201cChinese or East Turkestanu201d used to refer to blue area
#Uyghur nationalists/separatists started to adopt u201cEast Turkistanu201d to claim the whole of #Xinjiang (include Dzungaria in the North) in early 20th century, like this map used by u201cEast Turkistan Australian Associationu201d
During Civil War and Rebellion in #Xinjiang in 1930s, group of conservative #Uyghur religious clerics founded Turkish Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan (TIRET) in Kashgar, Hotan and Aksu on Nov 12,1933. It lasted 5 month til April 16, 1934.
Turkish Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan (TIRET) killed and forced to convert Christians and Hindus in Kashgar. Then declared Hui(Tungan), Chinese speaking Muslim their biggest enemy. This prove to be their downfall...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_East_Turkestan_Republic">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firs...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_East_Turkestan_Republic">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firs...
The Islamic Republic of East Turkistan ran afoul w Chinese Muslim Warlord Ma Zhongying who led Hui Army into #Xinjiang in 1930s to carve up a new power base.
Soviet bombing halted his advance on Urumqi, Ma turn 2 S Xinjiang, wiped out 1st u201cEast Turkistan Republicu201d in Kashgar
Soviet bombing halted his advance on Urumqi, Ma turn 2 S Xinjiang, wiped out 1st u201cEast Turkistan Republicu201d in Kashgar
Then Soviet Union send in 7,000 troops into #Xinjiang to help Warlord Shen Shicai crush Ma Zhongyingu2019s Hui Muslim Army. Soviet planes bombed Ma army. Then Ma for unknown reason crossed into Soviet Union and is never heard of again.
Xinjiang then became a Soviet Satellite with Warlord Sheng Shicai applied to join the Communist Party of Soviet Union. Stalin rejected his proposals
