How knowledge works:

▶️ You start with some existing knowledge (models/traditions/genes/memes).

🔽 Some of that contains problems (two parts contradict).

🔽 Try a modification to solve it.

🔽 Criticise to see if the solution works.

🔽 Modify as needed.

🔃 New problem.
The first step of 'existing knowledge' is necessary — that's where problems come from. And problems are what thinking consists of.

It's impossible to think about something without some model.

"Model-free" just means your models are less about the form. https://twitter.com/reasonisfun/status/1106853147417423872?s=21
👆Where #CriticalRationalism and other fallibilist philosophies like #MetaRationalism may differ.
(one of the few places they seem to be in actual disagreement? @Meaningness @Malcolm_Ocean)
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