1. I really love this article but one thing that sticks out to me is a tragic flaw in the way anarchist history is remembered and passed down, namely that it tends to center European movements and forgets anarchism's internationalist past.

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2. There's a pretty long period of time, from around the 1860's and 70's to about 1920, where if you're talking about international socialism anywhere outside of Europe the largest groups are going to be either anarchists or syndicalists.

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3. For example, the section in the First International from Egypt was set up with help from the legendary Italian anarcho-communist Errico Malatesta, who would return years later to join the 'Urabi revolt again British and French imperialism

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4. In South Africa, the IWW founded the first South African interracial unions and fought for both racial and economic equality. Anarchism spread rapidly across the globe, developing firm roots in both Latin America and East Asia.

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5. In Latin America, to draw a brief sketch, powerful anarchist unions built the Argentinian labor movement, organized indigenous farmers in Uruguay, developed the legendary militancy of Peruvian miners, and fought the Spanish army in Cuba.

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6. In China, Korea, and Japan, the development of anarchism was rooted more directly in anti-imperialism. Most of what would become the Chinese Communist Party including Mao, for better or for worse, were anarchists before 1917.

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7. Tokyo became a hub of anarchist organizing and theoretical work as university students spread new anarchist texts into China and Korea. Tragically, the Tokyo anarchists were massacred by the state in a series of purges starting in 1923.

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8. Much of the Japanese anarchist tradition was forgotten by their western counterparts and brilliant theorists and activists like Noe Ito, Kotoku Shusui, Sakae Osugi, and Hatta Shuzo simply vanish from the anarchist cannon.

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9. Part of the problem, of course, is that the great triumph of East Asian anarchism, the Korean People's Association in Manchuria, was wiped out by the Japanese army in 1931, and precious little material about it was ever translated into English.

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10. I focus this much on East Asia because that's the area I know best, but the anarchist led 1917-1919 general strike waves in Uruguay and Brazil, and that time the IWW and PLM took over Tijuana for a few months are likewise mostly forgotten

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11. There's also a lot more anarchist activity in Africa that I know shamefully little about and need to educate myself on.

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12. To me, the erasure of anarchists history is an absolute tragedy because anarchism wasn't the ideology of white dudes and rebellious rich kids, it was a powerful driver of anti-imperialism and social liberation across the globe.

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13. Now these histories aren't completely unknown to people who study the regions where anarchist activities were so prominent. But here we see a tendency toward anti-anarchist revisionism driven in large part by local communist parties.

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14. Among Chinese historians, for example, the historical role of anarchism is pretty well known but even well-meaning historians tend to take the CCP line that Chinese an anarchism was simply ineffective and thus was replaced by Leninism

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15. We see very similar historical moves by the South African communist party to downplay the role of anarchists unions in the formation of South African labor movement.

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16. This sort of historical revisionism tends to lead to inter-factional bickering that prevents both groups from learning from our respective movements, and creates false impressions of powerful ideological movements that drove socialist politics
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17. I'm going to close this thread with a story from, oddly enough, the end of the Paris Commune. After the commune's destruction, Louise Michel, the infamous anarchist "Red She-Wolf of Paris", were exiled to the French colony of New Caledonia.

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18. While there, Michel witnessed the horrific oppression of the indigenous Kanak population, who 5 years into the Communard's exile rose up against the imperialist French after decades of indescribable horrors.

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19. Incredibly, almost all of the Communards sided with and even took up arms for the very French government that had slaughtered them in the streets of Paris just 5 years before. The exception was Louise Michel.

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20. Michel joined the insurrection against her former comrades and famously ripped the red headband she had worn during the Commune and smuggled to New Caledonia and gave it to two Kanak soldiers before the fighting started.

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21. Tragically the Kanaks were slaughtered by the better armed French, who in a display of pure barbary even by the standards of the French, took the severed head of the Kanak chef Ataï and put it in their museum of natural history.

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22. I close with this horror story not only to highlight the atrocities of the French or anarchist anti-imperialist resistance but to remind us how easily even revolutionary socialists can be pressed into the service of empire.

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23. That cost of that unholy alliance is unspeakable and calls us to not only remember our anti-imperialist past but to act on it materially, to be a Louise Michel or John Brown (who may have been an anarchist himself, but that's another story)
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